{"id":11318,"date":"2026-07-24T03:32:29","date_gmt":"2026-07-24T03:32:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fleyendavalve.com\/?p=11318"},"modified":"2026-07-24T03:32:29","modified_gmt":"2026-07-24T03:32:29","slug":"%d8%b5%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%85-%d9%83%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%8a-%d8%b0%d9%88-%d8%ad%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fleyendavalve.com\/ar\/flanged-ball-valve\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0630\u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641"},"content":{"rendered":"<article class=\"fbv-article\">\n<header class=\"fbv-hero\"><span class=\"fbv-eyebrow\">\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n<h1>\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0630\u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641: \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/h1>\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fleyendavalve.com\/ar\/electric-actuator-v-port-ball-valve\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0630\u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641<\/span><\/a> \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0632\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<section class=\"fbv-intro\">\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<nav class=\"fbv-toc\" aria-label=\"\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629\">\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#what-is\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\u061f<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#operation\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u061f<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#benefits\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#types\">\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#selection\">\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#materials\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#standards\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#installation\">\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#maintenance\">\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#troubleshooting\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#applications\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#faq\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/nav>\n<section id=\"what-is\">\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0633\u0645\u0647. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 90 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n<div class=\"fbv-grid\">\n<div class=\"fbv-card\">\n<h3>\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0642\u0637\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fbv-card\">\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fbv-card\">\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"operation\">\n<h2><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-11320 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fleyendavalve.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/flange-ball-valvea-1024x461.webp\" alt=\"\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0630\u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\" width=\"780\" height=\"351\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fleyendavalve.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/flange-ball-valvea-1024x461.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.fleyendavalve.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/flange-ball-valvea-300x135.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.fleyendavalve.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/flange-ball-valvea-18x8.webp 18w, https:\/\/www.fleyendavalve.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/flange-ball-valvea.webp 1870w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" \/><\/h2>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064d \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0641\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0645\u060c \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u062a\u064f\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0636\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<div class=\"fbv-callout fbv-warning\">\n<p>\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629: \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"benefits\">\n<h2>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u061f<\/h2>\n<h3>\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0632\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0647. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 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\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637.<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642.<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0645\u064f\u062b\u0628\u064e\u0651\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629.<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0630\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0647.<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629.<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0630\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u063a).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0630\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 PTFE\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 PTFE \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3>\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0623\u0645 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>This is not a universal size rule. The final decision should be based on the manufacturer&#8217;s pressure-temperature rating, calculated operating torque, seat design, pipeline conditions, and project specification.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"selection\">\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"fbv-steps\">\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0648\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a. \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d. \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u00ab\u0628\u064a\u063a\u00bb\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 PN\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644. \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"fbv-callout\">\n<p>Avoid selecting by pressure class alone. A valve marked Class 300 or PN 40 does not have one pressure limit at every temperature. Allowable pressure changes with body material, temperature, seat design, and the applicable standard. Always check the manufacturer&#8217;s published pressure-temperature rating for the complete valve assembly.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"materials\">\n<h2>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f<\/h2>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623<\/h3>\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0644\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 PTFE \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 PTFE \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 PTFE \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 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class=\"fbv-table-wrap\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645.<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0637\u0651\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0634\u0637<\/td>\n<td>\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0629.<\/td>\n<td>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0641.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644.<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0641.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"standards\">\n<h2>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u201c\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n<ul class=\"fbv-checklist\">\n<li>API 608: \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639.<\/li>\n<li>ASME B16.34: \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>ASME B16.5: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>ASME B16.1 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 10: \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628.<\/li>\n<li>ISO 5211: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>ISO 15848: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<div class=\"fbv-callout\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0629: \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"installation\">\n<h2>\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645. \u0641\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"fbv-checklist\">\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628.<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0642.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628. \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0642\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u062c\u0645\u064a. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064d. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0634\u0637\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647<\/h3>\n<p>Flush new piping thoroughly before placing the valve into normal service. Keep the valve in the position required by the manufacturer&#8217;s instructions during flushing and pressure testing. Test pressure, valve position, test medium, and test duration must comply with the applicable procedure and must not exceed permitted valve limits.<\/p>\n<div class=\"fbv-callout fbv-warning\">\n<p>Safety notice: Installation and commissioning must be completed by qualified personnel. Before working on a valve, isolate the system, depressurize it, drain trapped fluid, verify temperature, release stored actuator energy, and apply the site&#8217;s lockout and tagout procedure.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"maintenance\">\n<h2>\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"fbv-checklist\">\n<li>\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f. \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062b\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u062d\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0639<\/h3>\n<p>Minor stem leakage may sometimes be corrected by carefully adjusting the packing gland according to the manufacturer&#8217;s procedure. Uneven or excessive tightening can increase operating torque, damage the packing, or prevent proper valve movement.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0637\u0642\u0645 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"troubleshooting\">\n<h2>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641<\/h2>\n<div class=\"fbv-table-wrap\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0637\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629.<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u064a\u062b\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0639<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062e\u064a \u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637.<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064d \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628.<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fbv-callout\">\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u062c\u0644. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"applications\">\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641<\/h2>\n<div class=\"fbv-grid\">\n<div class=\"fbv-card\">\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fbv-card\">\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fbv-card\">\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fbv-card\">\n<h3>\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fbv-card\">\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646<\/h3>\n<p>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0634\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fbv-card\">\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2>\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"fbv-checklist\">\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u0646\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u064f\u0646\u0635\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u064f\u0646\u0635\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u064a \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0645\u064f\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"fbv-quote-box\">\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0630\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a. \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649<\/li>\n<li>\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644\u00bb \u0623\u0648 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644\u00bb \u0623\u0648 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644\u00bb<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n<div class=\"fbv-faq\">\n<details>\n<summary>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u061f<\/summary>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0648\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627\u061f<\/summary>\n<p>\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0630\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u061f<\/summary>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u061f<\/summary>\n<p>\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\u061f<\/summary>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u061f<\/summary>\n<p>There is no universal interval. Maintenance should be based on fluid severity, operating cycles, pressure, temperature, safety criticality, leakage history, actuator condition, and the manufacturer&#8217;s instructions.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u00abClass\u00bb \u0648\u00abPN\u00bb\u061f<\/summary>\n<p>They belong to different flange and pressure-rating systems. They are not direct one-to-one pressure conversions, and their flange dimensions may differ. Always match the valve to the pipeline&#8217;s specified standard, nominal size, rating, and facing.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/summary>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624.<\/p>\n<\/footer>\n<\/article>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Industrial Valve Guide Flanged Ball Valve: Selection, Installation, and Maintenance Guide A flanged ball valve provides fast and dependable isolation in industrial piping systems. However, its performance depends on correct sizing, compatible materials, suitable seats, proper flange alignment, and realistic operating conditions. This guide explains how to select, install, and maintain the right valve while avoiding common leakage, torque, and service-life problems. The flanged ball valve is widely used in water treatment, chemical processing, oil and gas, power generation, marine systems, district energy, and general industrial pipelines. Its flanged ends provide a strong and removable connection to the pipeline, while the internal ball enables fast quarter-turn shutoff. Choosing a valve only by nominal pipe size and pressure class can result in premature seat damage, excessive operating torque, external leakage, or an incompatible flange connection. A reliable selection must consider the actual fluid, pressure, temperature, solids content, operating frequency, shutoff requirement, piping standard, and actuator conditions. Contents What Is a Flanged Ball Valve? How Does It Work? Main Benefits Common Valve Types How to Select a Valve Body and Seat Materials Applicable Standards Installation Guide Maintenance Plan Troubleshooting Typical Applications Frequently Asked Questions What Is a Flanged Ball Valve? A flanged ball valve is an isolation valve with flanges integrated into both ends of its body. These flanges are bolted to matching pipeline flanges, with a gasket positioned between the sealing faces. This connection allows the valve to be removed for inspection or replacement without cutting the pipe. Inside the valve, a drilled spherical closure element rotates around a stem. When the bore through the ball is aligned with the pipeline, fluid passes through the valve. Rotating the ball approximately 90 degrees places the solid side of the ball across the flow path and isolates the line. Valve Body The body contains the process pressure and supports the internal components. Common constructions include one-piece, two-piece, three-piece, split-body, top-entry, and fully welded designs. Ball and Seats The polished ball forms the shutoff interface with resilient polymer seats or engineered metal seats. Their compatibility with the process fluid is essential for reliable sealing. Stem and Operator The stem transfers torque from a lever, gearbox, pneumatic actuator, hydraulic actuator, or electric actuator to the ball. How Does a Flanged Ball Valve Work? A standard ball valve is a quarter-turn valve. In most installations, a handle positioned parallel to the pipeline indicates that the valve is open. A handle positioned perpendicular to the pipeline usually indicates that the valve is closed. Actuated valves use mechanical travel stops and position indicators to identify the same operating positions. Limit switches or position transmitters may also be used to send valve status information to a control system. During closure, the ball rotates against the seats and blocks the flow path. The pressure-assisted sealing behavior depends on the valve design. In a floating ball valve, line pressure pushes the ball toward the downstream seat. In a trunnion-mounted design, the ball is mechanically supported while movable seat assemblies are energized against it. Important operating rule: A standard isolation ball valve should normally be fully open or fully closed. Holding it at an intermediate position can create high-velocity jets that erode the seats and ball. Use a valve specifically designed for throttling or control service when flow regulation is required. Why Use a Flanged Ball Valve? Reliable Shutoff A properly selected ball-and-seat combination can provide tight isolation for liquids and gases. The wiping action between the ball and seats can also help remove light deposits from the sealing surface during operation. Fast Quarter-Turn Operation The valve moves from open to closed with approximately one-quarter turn. This makes it suitable for manual isolation, emergency shutdown systems, and automated process sequences that require a rapid response. Low Pressure Loss A full-port flanged ball valve has a bore close to the internal diameter of the connected pipe. When fully open, it creates a relatively straight flow path with limited restriction and turbulence. Strong and Serviceable Connections Flanged ends are suitable for larger pipe sizes and demanding industrial service. The bolted joint also allows maintenance teams to remove the valve without welding or cutting the pipeline. Easy Automation Ball valves can be paired with pneumatic, electric, or hydraulic actuators. Limit switches, solenoid valves, positioners, manual overrides, and position feedback devices can be added according to the control requirements. Common Types of Flanged Ball Valves Valve Type Construction Typical Advantages Selection Considerations Floating Ball Valve The ball is supported by the seats and can move slightly under line pressure. Compact design, fewer components, economical construction, and dependable shutoff. Common in small and medium sizes. Operating torque can increase with pressure and seat load. Trunnion-Mounted Ball Valve The ball is supported by upper and lower trunnions, while the seats move toward the ball. Lower operating torque in large sizes and high differential-pressure service. Usually has a higher initial cost and more complex internal construction. Full-Port Ball Valve The ball bore is approximately equal to the connected pipe bore. Low flow resistance and better passage for cleaning tools or suspended solids. The body is generally larger and heavier than a reduced-port valve. Reduced-Port Ball Valve The ball opening is smaller than the connected pipe bore. Smaller, lighter, and often more economical. Produces a greater pressure drop and may not be suitable for piggable pipelines. Soft-Seated Ball Valve Uses polymer seat materials such as PTFE, reinforced PTFE, or engineered thermoplastics. Excellent sealing performance with relatively low operating torque. Temperature, chemical compatibility, abrasion, and pressure limits must be checked. Metal-Seated Ball Valve Uses engineered metal-to-metal sealing surfaces, often with hard coatings. Suitable for elevated temperatures, abrasive media, and severe service. Usually requires more operating torque and a clearly defined leakage requirement. Floating Ball Valve or Trunnion Ball Valve? Floating designs are frequently selected for general process isolation in smaller sizes and moderate operating conditions. As valve size, pressure differential, operating frequency, or reliability requirements increase, a trunnion-mounted valve may provide better torque control and seat performance. This is not<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":11321,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11318","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-industrial-news"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.fleyendavalve.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ChatGPT-41.webp","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fleyendavalve.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11318","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fleyendavalve.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fleyendavalve.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fleyendavalve.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fleyendavalve.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11318"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.fleyendavalve.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11318\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11323,"href":"https:\/\/www.fleyendavalve.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11318\/revisions\/11323"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fleyendavalve.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11321"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fleyendavalve.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11318"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fleyendavalve.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11318"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fleyendavalve.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11318"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}